{"id":637,"date":"2019-04-08T12:43:38","date_gmt":"2019-04-08T11:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zpravy.czin.eu\/?p=637"},"modified":"2019-12-06T11:23:18","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T10:23:18","slug":"studie-dan-z-nemovitosti-ve-svete-a-cesku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/studie-dan-z-nemovitosti-ve-svete-a-cesku","title":{"rendered":"Studie: Da\u0148 z nemovitost\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b a \u010cesku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Parlamentn\u00ed institut zpracoval studii na t\u00e9ma Da\u0148 z nemovitost\u00ed ve vybran\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU<\/a>. Studie porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 sazby a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry dan\u011b z nemovitost\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed EU je sazba dan\u011b v kompetenci municipalit, pro kter\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159\u00edjmem do rozpo\u010dtu. M\u011bsta tak p\u0159\u00edjmy z t\u00e9to dan\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dasto na rozvoj a provoz infrastruktury v dan\u00e9 oblasti. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161inou zem\u00ed EU je da\u0148 z nemovitost\u00ed v \u010cesku n\u00edzk\u00e1, v\u00fdpo\u010det<\/a> pro byty a domy je v \u010cesku pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd a je zalo\u017een na velikosti objektu a lokalit\u011b. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st poplatn\u00edk\u016f dan\u011b v \u010cesku plat\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 0,03 % z hodnoty nemovitosti ur\u010den\u00e9 k bydlen\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b. Naopak dle studie<\/a> nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sazby m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad Portugalsko a\u017e 7,5 %, Rumunsko a\u017e 5 %, Belgie a\u017e 3,97 %, D\u00e1nsko a\u017e 3,6 % \u010di Ma\u010farsko a\u017e 3,6 %. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: Pixabay.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u010di naopak sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo osvobozen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch nemovitost\u00ed nebo jejich vlastn\u00edk\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Francii <\/strong>sazba dan\u011b u nemovitosti pro hlavn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed \u010din\u00ed obvykle 0,2 %. U nemovitosti ur\u010denou pro druh\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed je sazba vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (1,2 % pro z\u00e1klad  dan\u011b v rozsahu 4573 a\u017e 7622 EUR a 1,7 % nad stanoven\u00fd limit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Portugalsku <\/strong>u nemovitost\u00ed situovan\u00fdch v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech, kter\u00e9 nejsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny  d\u00e9le ne\u017e rok, m\u016f\u017ee municipalita sazbu dan\u011b a\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161it. Krom\u011b toho je pou\u017eita zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 sazba 7,5 % u nemovitost\u00ed ve vlastnictv\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fdch nerezident\u016f, tedy vlastn\u00edk\u016f nemovitost\u00ed v Portugalsku, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou da\u0148ov\u00fdmi rezidenty v zemi, \u00fazem\u00ed nebo oblasti s p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm da\u0148ov\u00fdm re\u017eimem. Seznam t\u011bchto zem\u00ed, \u00fazem\u00ed nebo oblasti je stanoven vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou ministerstva financ\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sazba dan\u011b z nemovitost\u00ed v Rakousku <\/strong>je progresivn\u00ed. Municipality maj\u00ed pravomoc stanovit da\u0148 v r\u00e1mci stanoven\u00e9ho limitu. V\u011bt\u0161ina municipalit stanovila da\u0148 z nemovitost\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 % ze standardn\u00ed hodnoty nemovitosti. Tato da\u0148 z nemovitost\u00ed je stanovena  nap\u0159. ve V\u00eddni, kter\u00e1 z n\u00ed financuje tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu m\u011bstsk\u00fdch byt\u016f. Ve V\u00eddni se tak plat\u00ed zhruba t\u0159icet kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed da\u0148 z nemovitosti<\/a> ne\u017e v Praze. I tak je V\u00edde\u0148 velmi zadlu\u017eena, dluh dosahuje v\u00fd\u0161e zhruba 10,5 mld. EUR<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e1 studie Parlamentn\u00edho institutu s n\u00e1zvem Vyu\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch budov v perspektiv\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a v komparativn\u00ed perspektiv\u011b<\/a> pot\u00e9 hloub\u011bji popisuje problematiku pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch budov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Belgii <\/strong>byla za \u00fa\u010delem zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve Flandrech zavedena da\u0148 za zch\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u016f, pokud je budova nebo d\u016fm registrov\u00e1na 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po sob\u011b jako ch\u00e1traj\u00edc\u00ed budova. Obce mohou rovn\u011b\u017e zda\u0148ovat neobydlen\u00e9 domy a budovy. Pokud obce tak neu\u010din\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee danou da\u0148 vyb\u00edrat  region. Rovn\u011b\u017e m\u016f\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00ed org\u00e1n ulo\u017eit majiteli sankci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee poskytuje ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v neobyvateln\u00e9 budov\u011b. Region\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed org\u00e1ny d\u00e1le mohou opat\u0159en\u00edm donutit vlastn\u00edka neobyvateln\u00e9ho domu k renovaci domu. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Belgi\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tato rigor\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francouzsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje uplatn\u011bn\u00ed dan\u011b z tzv. \u201enevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch obydl\u00ed\u201c, jimi\u017e se rozum\u00ed obydl\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nejsou obsazen\u00e1 po dobu jednoho roku, nebo kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v obci o v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 000 obyvatel\u00edch, v n\u00ed\u017e je omezen\u00fd trh s nemovitostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii<\/strong> maj\u00ed org\u00e1ny samospr\u00e1v celou \u0159adu prost\u0159edk\u016f, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch budov. Tyto org\u00e1ny maj\u00ed zpravidla \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdmi budovami. Org\u00e1ny za prv\u00e9 maj\u00ed pravomoc identifikovat pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 budovy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu k da\u0148ov\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm, ze kter\u00fdch vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed budovy. Samospr\u00e1vy nemaj\u00ed povinnost vyd\u00e1vat strategie t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch budov, nicm\u00e9n\u011b vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed strategii bydlen\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt problematika pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch budov zahrnuta. Samospr\u00e1vy mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt povinn\u00e9ho odkupu nemovitosti, ke kter\u00e9mu se m\u016f\u017ee samospr\u00e1va  uch\u00fdlit v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee existuje relevantn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad (nap\u0159. z d\u016fvodu bytov\u00e9 politiky). Podm\u00ednkou rovn\u011b\u017e je, \u017ee takov\u00fd odkup je ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu. V Anglii a Walesu existuje mo\u017enost zv\u00fd\u0161it da\u0148 u pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch nemovitost\u00ed<\/a>. K dispozici je tak\u00e9 studie pro Lond\u00fdn<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159et\u00ed studie Parlamentn\u00edho institutu se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Legislativn\u00ed \u00faprava dan\u011b z pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch byt\u016f<\/a>. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky bydlen\u00ed i pomoc\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha velk\u00fdch a ekonomicky vysp\u011bl\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad o Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/a>, Vancouver<\/a>, Hong Kong<\/a>, Singapur<\/a> a jin\u00e9. Jde tedy \u010dasto o nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta sv\u011bta dle v\u011bt\u0161iny \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed tak\u00e9 Praha. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je dle platn\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a> mo\u017en\u00e9 vyvlastnit nemovitost, o kterou se nikdo alespo\u0148 10 let nestaral. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek pouze zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uje ve\u0159ejnosti podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu v mnoha \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm EU. Problematiku lze \u0159e\u0161it jist\u011b i pozitivn\u00edmi motivacemi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Parlamentn\u00ed institut zpracoval studii na t\u00e9ma Da\u0148 z nemovitost\u00ed ve vybran\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU. Studie porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 sazby a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry dan\u011b z nemovitost\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed EU je sazba dan\u011b v kompetenci municipalit, pro kter\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159\u00edjmem do rozpo\u010dtu. M\u011bsta tak p\u0159\u00edjmy z t\u00e9to dan\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dasto na rozvoj […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":649,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions\/649"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genzpravy.czin.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}